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The area is part of the Colorado Plateau. The elevation of
the valley floor ranges from 5,000 to 6,000 feet (1,500 to 1,800 m) above sea
level. The floor is largely siltstone or sand derived from it, most of which
was left behind by the rivers that once carved out the valley. The vivid red
colour comes from iron oxide exposed in the weathered siltstone, while the
darker, blue-gray rocks in the valley get their colour from manganese oxide.
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A very modest $5.00 will get you entry into the park,
where the adventurous can embark on a 17-mile (27 km) dirt road route that
passes some of the largest and most spectacular land formations.
The buttes are clearly stratified, and reveal three main
layers. The lowest layer is known as the Organ Rock Shale, the middle is de
Chelly Sandstone, and the top layer is the Moenkopi Formation.
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